Author(s): Adél MAGYAR

Title: AZ ÉRTELMI FOGYATÉKOS SZEMÉLYEK ELSŐ SPECIÁLIS NEVELŐINTÉZETÉNEK MEGJELENÉSE – ÚT AZ ASYLUMOKTÓL A GYÓGYÍTVA NEVELÉSIG

Source: A. Németh - Y. Orsovics - A. Csehiová - A. Tóth-Bakos (eds.): 12th International Conference of J. Selye University. Pedagogical Sections. Conference Proceedings

ISBN: 978-80-8122-373-0

DOI: https://doi.org/10.36007/3730.2020.207

Publisher: J. Selye University, Komárno, Slovakia

PY, pages: 2020, 207-215

Published on-line: 2020

Language: hu

Abstract: The "big" segregation-type institution, the "classic" asylum fulfilled a dual form at the end of the 18th century. On the one hand it crowned, but did not close the period of the Enlightenments moral development. The development and normalization of people with mental disabilities, "fools", and psychiatric patients with educational tools continued in institutions of subsequent eras. On the other hand, the major segregation-type institutions at the top of their evolution, at the turn of the 18-19. century opened the way to a new era. By this time, the difference is more and more pronounced in the institutional system between the "healing asylums" and the "hosting institutions". During the 19th century a particular duality appeared in the professional discourse about mental illness and idiocy. Mental illness was beleived to be curable with medico-pedagogical methods, but the mentally disabled children and adults remained almost completely "invisible". They remained hidden in their families, villages, communities, in the care institutions or healing asylums. This situation changed slightly only when in the early 19th century a special „endemic disease” attracted the public attention, the cretinism. During the century an intensified medical professional discourse began about cretinism, about children and adults living with cretinism. Efforts were made to explore the cause, prevention, and possible cure of diseases and to help people living with cretinism. An example of this was the pedagogical work of Johann Jacob Guggenbühl (1816-1863).

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